Muggle Studies Class
This page is under construction, and should not be taken as official material.
Synopsis
In this class, students learn about Muggle culture, technology and history. Under Paeonia Palancher's tutelage, Muggle Studies has become a thing of fact and serious study and less about how wizards think Muggles achieve such things. Being a half-blood with a solid foot in their world the class goes over much that can be found on a curriculum in a Muggle high school.
Each particular subject roughly takes up two weeks time. Every class is two hours long.
In order to take Muggle Studies at the N.E.W.T. level a student must have an 'A' Grade in their Muggle Studies O.W.L.
Hogwarts Schedule
| 6 AM | 7 AM | 8 - 10 AM | 10 AM -12 Noon | 12 Noon - 1 PM | 1 -3 PM | 3 - 5 PM | 5 - 6 PM | 6 - 8 PM | 8 - 10 PM | 10 PM - 12 Midnight | 12 Midnight - 2 AM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wake-Up/Ready | Breakfast | 1st Period | 2nd Period | Lunch | 3rd Period | 4th Period | Dinner | 5th Period | Free Time to Lights Out | 6th Period | 7th Period |
Muggle Studies Schedule
| 3rd Years | 4th Years | 5th Years | 6th Years | 7th Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | - | - | - | - |
Syllabus
3rd Year Supplies
- Book: <Title>
- Parchment
- Quill
- Wand
September
- Muggle Cuisine - Muggle Cookbooks are studied. Ingredients and magicless techniques are gone over. The last class of September is spent in the Club Room so that students can cook a selected recipe. Without using magic they must do it start to finish in the Muggle Way.
October
- Literature - Children's Stories - While the focus is on the Children's Stories of the United Kingdom in Octobers lessons the stories of the Grimm Brothers are also present. The Professor gladly admits that this is because they are her favorite. The students pick one of the below stories for a book report that is due the last class of October. It is recommended that the presentation include costumes and props.
November
- Literature - Fiction - Much like October, a certain list of pieces of Fiction are available for students to choose and do a book report on at the end of the month. Again costumes and props are encouraged during the presentation.
December
January
February
March
April
May
4th Year Supplies
- Book: <Title>
- Parchment
- Quill
- Wand
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
5th Year Supplies
- Book: <Title>
- Parchment
- Quill
- Wand
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
6th Year Supplies
- Book: <Title>
- Parchment
- Quill
- Wand
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
7th Year Supplies
- Book: <Title>
- Parchment
- Quill
- Wand
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
*
WIP Below
http://www.britroyals.com/timeline.asp
Culture and things.
- 1692 - Glencoe Massacre in Scotland. Clan MacDonald members are killed by Clan Campbell for not signing the oath of allegiance.
- 1694 - Death of Mary. William now rules alone.
- 1701 - King James II dies in exile in France. French king recognizes James II’s son James Edward (The Old Pretender) as “James III”.
- 1702 - William dies after a riding accident. Stuarts in exile toast 'the gentleman in black velvet' in the belief that his horse stumbled on a mole hill. He is succeeded by his sister-in-law Anne Stuart. Queen Anne reigns from 1702-1714.
- 1705 - The first bankruptcy law is enacted so that debtors don't have to go to jail anymore.
- 1707 - The kingdoms of England and Scotland are formally united in Great Britain, and Queen Anne Stuart becomes the first ruler of Great Britain.
- 1708 - Anne vetoes a parliamentary bill to reorganize the Scottish militia, the last time a bill is vetoed by the sovereign.
- 1708 - James Edward Stuart, 'The Old Pretender', arrives in Scotland in an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne.
- 1709 - The Copyright Act shifts ownership from printers to authors.
- 1710 - The Whig government falls and a Tory ministry is formed.
- 1710 - St Paul's Cathedral, London, completed by Sir Christopher Wren
- 1711 - First race meeting held at Ascot
- 1711 - Joseph Addison and Richard Steele found the "Spectator", the first magazine.
- 1712 - Thomas Newcomen invents the steam engine, it is created to pump water out of mines.
- 1714 - Queen Anne, the last Stuart monarch, dies at Kensington Palace and is succeeded by George I, first king of the Hanover house while riots erupt all over England ("Coronation riots"). King George reigns from 1714-1727
- 1714 - A new Parliament is elected with a strong Whig majority led by Robert Walpole.
- 1715 - September - James Francis Edward Stuart tries to regain the throne of England but is defeated ("Jacobite rising").
- 1719 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe.
- 1721 - Sir Robert Walpole returns to government as First Lord of the Treasury where he remains in office until 1742. He is effectively the first Prime Minister.
- 1722 - Death of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.
- 1726 - First circulating library in Britain opens in Edinburgh, Scotland.
- 1726 - Jonathan Swift publishes Gulliver’s Travels.
- 1727 - Death of the scientist, Isaac Newton.
- 1727 - King George I dies in Hanover, aged 67. George II succeeds his father. King George II reigns from 1727-1760.
- 1732 - Lord Frederick North is born. He becomes Prime Minister in 1770 until 1782. He led Great Britain through most of the American War of Independence. He also held a number of other cabinet posts, including Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer.
- 1735 - Handel produces his last great operatic success, Alcina, which features dancer Marie Salle.
- 1737 - An English carpenter, John Harrison, invents the marine chronometer to measure longitude.
- 1737 - Death of George’s wife, Queen Caroline.
- 1741 - Lewis Paul opens the first cotton mill.
- 1742 - Handel's Messiah premieres in Dublin to an enthusiastic audience.
- 1742 - Walpole resigns as Prime Minister.
- 1745 - Charles Edward Stuart, 'Bonnie Prince Charlie', lands in Scotland and raises his flag for the restoration of the Stuarts. 2,000 Jacobites enter Edinburgh. Scottish victory at Prestonpans. Charles and his Jacobite army march South into England and reach Derby before turning back.
- 1746 - Scots defeated at the Battle of Culloden. Duke of Cumberland, the King's 2nd son, ruthlessly represses the rebels and Scottish traditions.
- 1751 - Death of Frederick, Prince of Wales. His son, George, becomes heir to the throne.
- 1752 - Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar. The 1st of January replaces the 25th of March as the first day of the year.
- 1757 - William Pitt becomes Prime Minister.
- 1759 - First botanical gardens laid out at Kew.
- 1759 - The British Museum is inaugurated.
- 1760 - George III becomes king on the death of his grandfather, King George II.
- 1762 - The Earl of Bute is appointed Prime Minister. Bute proves so unpopular that he needs to have a bodyguard.
- 1766 - William Pitt the Elder becomes Prime Minister.
- 1766 - James Christie opens his London auction house, the world's first fine art auctioneer.
- 1768 - Philip Astley founds a traveling show of acrobats and jugglers, and launches the revival of the circus.
- 1768 - Richard Arkwright invents the spinning frame.
- 1770 - Lord North becomes Prime Minister.
- 1770 - The Encyclopedia Britannica is published in Edinburgh.
- 1772 - John Harrisons H4 clock allows navigators to accurately measure longitude enabling long distance sea travel.
- 1773 - The world’s first cast-iron bridge is constructed over the River Severn at Coalbrookdale.
- 1774 - The Society of Lloyd's is founded at the Royal Exchange.
- 1776 - James Watt makes the steam engine practical.
- 1780 - Anti-Catholic riots in London ("Gordon Riots").
- 1781 - A seventh planet, Uranus, is discovered by William Hershel.
- 1781 - An English transatlantic ship that ran out of water throws 132 African slaves overboard in order to redeem money from the insurance company for lost goods.
- 1782 - Ireland obtains a short-lived parliament.
- 1783 - William Pitt (The Younger) becomes the youngest Prime Minister of England at the age of 24. He is Prime Minister until 1801.
- 1783 - Robert (Robbie) Burns publishes his first book of poetry.
- 1784 - Pitt's India Act moves the East India Company under government control.
- 1785 - The "Daily Universal Register" (later "The Times") is founded.
- 1787 - Robert Peel builds an integrated cotton spinning, weaving and printing factory.
- 1787 - The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade is founded in Britain by Quakers.
- 1788 - India's governor Hastings is tried publicly in England for corruption.
- 1788 - George suffers his first attack of porphyria.
- 1790 - At the height of the British slave trade, one slave vessel leaves England for Africa every other day.
- 1791 - Thomas Paine publishes Rights of Man. Which later in the year is banned in Britain.
- 1791 - James Boswell’s Life of Johnson is published.
- 1792 - Mary Wollstonecraft publishes "Vindication of the Rights of Women".
- 1792 - Prime Minister William Pitt calls for the end of the slave trade.
- 1792 - William Murdoch invents gas lighting.
- 1793 - The first British settlers arrive in Australia.
- 1796 - Edward Jenner discovers the principle of vaccination and produces a smallpox vaccine.
- 1798 - Wordsworth publishes Lyrical Ballads.
- 1798 - Malthus publishes the "Essay on Population".
- 1798 - Peasants revolt in Ireland.
- 1798 - Income Tax introduced.
- 1800 - Act of Union with Ireland unites Parliaments of England and Ireland.
- 1801 - Britain's population is 10.7 million and London's population is 959,000.
- 1801 - Thomas Young proves the wave nature of light.
- 1802 - A steam-powered coach built by Richard Trevithick successfully completes the journey from Cornwall to London.
- 1803 - English chemist John Dalton proposes that matter is composed of atoms.
- 1804 - Morphine is discovered.
- 1804 - Richard Trevithick builds the first locomotive (it rode a track of 16kms in 4 hours, at the speed of 4 km/h)
- 1805 - Horace Nelson is killed in combat but destroys the French and Spanish fleets at the Battle of Trafalgar. Horace Nelson is the first commoner in the history of Britain to be given a state funeral.
- 1807 - Beethoven completes his Symphony No. 5, which many consider to be the most popular classical work ever written.
- 1807 - Slave Trade Act. William Wilberforce is successful in his campaign to abolish slave trade in the British Empire. (but not slavery itself).
- 1807 - First Automobile powered by internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen.
- 1807 - Gas lighting is introduced in the streets of London.
- 1810 - Final illness of George III leads to his son becoming Regent in 1811.
- 1811 - The "Luddite" workers destroy textile machinery that makes workers useless.
- 1812 - The London and Westminster Chartered Gas-Light and Coke Company is established.
- 1812 - Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated in the House of Commons by a disgruntled bankrupt.
- 1813 - Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is published.
- 1814 - George Stephenson builds his first locomotive engine.
- 1816 - Francis Ronalds invents the telegraph.
- 1818 - The King George the III’s wife, Queen Charlotte, dies.
- 1818 - Publication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.
- 1819 - Peterloo Massacre in Manchester, of political reform campaigners.
- 1819 - The "Savannah" completes the first transatlantic crossing by a steamboat.
- 1820 - Death of King George III, aged 81 years. George IV accedes to the throne, having spent the last nine years as Prince Regent for his blind and deranged father.
- 1820 - A radical plot to murder the Cabinet, known as the Cato Street Conspiracy, fails.
- 1820 - Trial of Queen Caroline, in which George IV attempts to divorce her for adultery. She has popular support and the divorce proceedings fail.
- 1821 - Queen Caroline is excluded from George's coronation.
- 1821 - Britain adopts the gold standard.
- 1821 - Giovanni Belzoni organizes a display of Egyptian antiquities in London.
- 1822 - The first dinosaur fossil is found by Gideon Mantell, the Iguanodon.
- 1823 - The Royal Academy of Music is established in London.
- 1823 - The British Museum is extended and extensively rebuilt to house expanding collection.
- 1823 - Rugby schoolboy William Web Ellis, while playing football, picks up the ball and runs with it inventing Rugby Football.
- 1824 - British poet Byron dies fighting for Greek independence.
- 1824 - The National Gallery is established in London.
- 1825 - Nash reconstructs Buckingham Palace.
- 1825 - Britain inaugurates the first public railway in the world (Stockton-Darlington railway).
- 1826 - The Friction Match is invented by John Walker.
- 1828 - Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington becomes British Prime Minister.
- 1829 - The Metropolitan Police Force is set up by Robert Peel.
- 1829 - The Catholic Relief Act is passed, permitting Catholics to become Members of Parliament.
- 1830 - The railway Liverpool - Manchester opens using George Stephenson's locomotive "Locomotion".
- 1830 - The Whigs come to power.
- 1830 - George IV dies at Windsor, aged 67. William IV succeeds his brother, George IV, at the age of 64.
- 1831 - The new London Bridge is opened over the River Thames.
- 1831 - Michael Faraday and Joseph Henry independently of each other invented methods of Electromagnetic Induction.
- 1831 - Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction and invents the transformer.
- 1831 - December - The ship "Beagle" begins a five-year trip to chart the waters of South America carrying biologist Charles Darwin as a guest.
- 1832 - The Great Reform Bill grants voting rights to the middle class (but only 1.8% of the adult population is allowed to vote).
- 1832 - Cholera spreads from Sunderland and runs rampant killing over 20,000 people.
- 1833 - Factory Act passed prohibiting children aged less than nine from work in factories, and reducing the working hours of women and older children.
- 1834 - Britain abolishes slavery throughout the Empire.
- 1834 - Poor Law Act is passed, creating workhouses for the poor.
- 1834 - Fire destroys the Palace of Westminster.
- 1835 - Manchester, the most industrial city in the world, has a population of 300,000 and 100,000 people are workers.
- 1836 - Births, marriages and deaths must be registered by law.
- 1836 - Dickens publishes Oliver Twist, drawing attention to Britain’s poor.
- 1836 - Charles Darwin returns from a five year voyage on HMS Beagle researching natural history.
- 1837 - The first general purpose Computer named Analytical engine was designed but only partially built.
- 1837 - King William IV dies at Windsor Castle. Queen Victoria succeeds her uncle, William IV.
- 1838 - Publication of People’s Charter. Start of Chartism.
- 1838 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel's Great Western Railway opens and the ticket is introduced to ride trains.
- 1838 - Morse Code is invented by Samuel Morse.
- 1839 - A Chinese attempt at suppressing the illicit British trade in opium causes the Opium war.
- 1839 - Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents the bicycle.
- 1840 - Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
- 1840 - The first postal stamp is introduced (the "black penny").
- 1840 - The last convicts are deported to New South Wales, Australia.
- 1841 - Sir Robert Peel becomes Prime Minister.
- 1842 - Richard Owen coins the word "dinosaur" (meaning "fearful lizard" in Greek).
- 1843 - The first Christmas postcard is printed (in London).
- 1843 - Nelson's Column is a monument in Trafalgar Square in central London built to commemorate Admiral Horatio Nelson, who died at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
- 1843 - Launch of SS Great Britain the worlds first all metal ship.
- 1844 - Railway building mania starts. 5,000 miles of track are built in Britain by 1846.
- 1845 - An eighth planet, Neptune, is discovered mathematically by John Adams.
- 1845 - British policies cause a famine in Ireland that will kill a million people in six years and send 1.5 million abroad.
- 1845 - - 1849 Irish Potato Famine kills more than a million people. Many emigrate to America.
- 1846 - Britain repeals the Corn Laws that protect its agriculture from imports.
- 1846 - Robert Peel splits from the Conservative Party and forms his own faction (the "Peelites").
- 1848 - Major Chartist demonstration in London.
- 1849 - Harrods store in London is opened.
- 1851 - London's population is 2,363,000.
- 1851 - The first Universal Exhibition is held in London.
- 1851 - Great Exhibition takes place in Hyde Park. Its success is largely due to Prince Albert.
- 1852 - Death of the Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley.
- 1852 - The Royal Observatory introduces a uniform time standard for the whole of Britain.
- 1853 - Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory.
- 1853 - Queen Victoria uses chloroform during the birth of Prince Leopold.
- 1854 - 10,000 die of cholera from contaminated water in London.
- 1855 - Henry Bessemer invents the Bessemer converter for mass-producing steel.
- 1855 - Joshua Stoddard introduces a steam-powered organ called the "calliope".
- 1856 - David Livingstone travels from Angola to Mozambique.
- 1856 - The first Frigerator using vapour compression is invented.
- 1856 - William Perkin, still a teenager, invents the first synthetic dye, mauve.
- 1858 - A telegraph wire is laid at the bottom of the ocean between Ireland and Canada.
- 1859 - Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species.
- 1859 - The Radicals, the Whigs and Peelites form the Liberal Party.
- 1860 - The population of the USA (31 million) passes the population of Britain (29 million).
- 1861 - Prince Albert dies of typhoid.
- 1861 - Charles Halle performs all of Beethoven's sonatas.
- 1863 - The London subway opens (initially powered by steam).
- 1863 - The Salvation Army is founded.
- 1863 - The sport of football is inaugurated.
- 1863 - Edward, Prince of Wales, marries Alexandra of Denmark.
- 1864 - All the major power agree at the Geneva Convention on rules for the treatment of prisoners of war.
- 1864 - James Clerk Maxwell unifies electricity and magnetism in his equations of the electromagnetic field.
- 1865 - William Booth founds the East London Christian Mission (later renamed "Salvation Army").
- 1866 - Robert Whitehead invents the torpedo.
- 1867 - Karl Marx publishes the first volume of Das Kapital.
- 1867 - Industrial workers are entitled to vote.
- 1868 - The last convicts are deported to Western Australia.
- 1868 - The liberal William Gladstone becomes Prime Minister of Britain.
- 1870 - Britain produces almost a third of the world's manufactured goods.
- 1870 - First Education Act. Primary education becomes compulsory.
- 1870 - Death of Charles Dickens.
- 1871 - Arthur Sullivan and William Gilbert produce their first operetta.
- 1871 - The first collaboration of W.S. Gilbert and Sir Arthur Sullivan, Thespis, is performed at London's Gaiety Theatre.
- 1871 - Trade Unions are legalized.
- 1872 - Secret voting is introduced for elections.
- 1872 - The Ariel, the first high-wheel bicycle (or "ordinary"), is manufactured in Britain.
- 1873 – The Great Depression.
- 1874 - Benjamin Disraeli (a Jew converted to Christianity) becomes prime minister of Britain.
- 1875 - Thomas Moy demonstrates his Aerial Steamer the worlds first flying machine at Crystal Palace, London.
- 1876 - Queen Victoria proclaims herself empress of India and takes the Koh-i-noor.
- 1876 - Scots Alexander Graham Bell demonstrates the telephone.
- 1877 - A tennis tournament is held at Wimbledon for the first time.
- 1877 - Phonograph is invented.
- 1877 - Thomas Edison invents sound recording.
- 1878 - Thomas Edison patents the phonograph.
- 1879 - Tay Bridge disaster.
- 1880 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as Prime Minister.
- 1881 - London's Savoy Theatre opens and is the first to be lit by electricity.
- 1882 - May - The Irish National Invincibles assassinate Frederick Cavendish and Thomas Henry Burke chief secretary for Ireland, his undersecretary, in Dublin ("Phoenix Park murders").
- 1884 - Third Reform Act all adult males given the right to vote.
- 1884 - An international "meridian" conference decides to divide the Earth in 24 time zones, starting with Greenwich's meridian.
- 1885 - Gilbert and Sullivan finish The Mikado, which premieres in London.
- 1885 - Robert Salisbury becomes prime minister of Britain.
- 1886 - First Irish Home Rule Bill fails to pass House of Commons. Gladstone resigns as Prime Minister.
- 1886 - First petrol or gasoline powered auto-mobile.
- 1887 - Victoria celebrates her Golden Jubilee. She has ruled for 50 years.
- 1887 - Independent Labour Party is founded.
- 1888 - Wind Turbines for grid electricity invented by Charles F. Brush.
- 1890 - London inaugurates the world's first underground electrical railway line, part of the London subway.
- 1891 - 28% of the British population lives in the countryside.
- 1891 - Free schooling is introduced. 11 years later school attendance becomes compulsory for all children.
- 1892 - Britain tonnage and sea trade exceeds the rest of the world together.
- 1892 - William Gladstone becomes prime minister of Britain for the fourth time.
- 1895 - "The Empire of India Exhibition" opens in London.
- 1895 - Lord Kelvin declares that "heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible".
- 1896 - The electron is discovered.
- 1897 - Joseph-John Thompson discovers that electricity is due to the flow of invisible negatively charged particles called electrons.
- 1897 - Marcus Samuel founds the Shell Transport and Trading Company.
- 1900 - The population of Britain is 44.3 million.
- 1901 - Britain's population is 37.1 million.
- 1901 - First manually controlled fixed wing motorized aircraft.
- 1901 - Frederick Kipping discovers silicones.
- 1901 - Queen Victoria dies.
- 1902 - July - The conservative Arthur Balfour becomes prime minister of Britain.
- 1903 - The suffragette movement (Women's Social and Political Union) is founded.
- 1904 - The London Symphony Orchestra is established.
- 1904 - The outdoor theater "the Mall" is inaugurated in London.
- 1906 - Britain debuts the Dreadnought battleship.
- 1906 - The Liberal party, representing financiers and entrepreneurs, comes into power.
- 1908 - Britain enacts pensions for the elderly.
- 1908 - Margaret Murray performs autopsy on an Egyptian mummy.
- 1909 - Lloyd George's reforms tax land to pay for sickness, invalidity and unemployment insurance
- 1909 - Norman Angell publishes "The Great Illusion" in which he claims that war has become pointless because the real competition is economic.
- 1911 - A Parliament Act weakens the House of Lords.
- 1911 - Britain holds a conference on imperial defense.
- 1911 - The New Zealand scientist Ernest Rutherford discovers that the atom is made of a nucleus and orbiting electrons.
- 1911 - The number of strikes increases dramatically.
- 1911 - Universal health care is introduced.
- 1912 - A minimum wage is introduced.
- 1912 - Britain and France sign a naval treaty to fend off the threat of the German navy.
- 1912 - The "Titanic" sinks in the Atlantic Ocean.
- 1913 - Billboard magazine publishes a list of the most popular vaudeville songs. It's the predecessor to their trademark charts.
- 1915 - The Tank is invented.
- 1916 - Britain introduces daylight saving time to save energy.
- 1918 - At the end of the war the British army has 8.5 people, of which 5.7 are from Britain, 1.4 from India, 630,000 from Canada, 420,000 from Australia, 136,000 from South Africa and 129,000 from New Zealand plus about 300,000 Egyptian, black African and Chinese laborers.
- 1918 - The first world war ends - 2 million Russians, 1.8 million Germans, 1.3 million French, 1.1 million Austro-Hungarians, 0.9 million Britons, 0.6 million Turks and 0.5 million Italians are dead.
- 1918 - Universal male suffrage.
- 1918 - December - Nancy Astor becomes the first woman to be elected to Parliament.
- 1919 - Britain bans opium.
- 1919 - Race riots in Liverpool and Cardiff.
- 1919 - The IRA is formed in Ireland to fight British rule.
- 1920 - Arthur Eddington suggests that nuclear fusion fuels the sun.
- 1920 - European countries control almost 90% of the Earth's surface.
- 1921 - Ireland becomes independent except for Northern Ireland that remains British.
- 1921 - The indenture system is abolished.
- 1921 - Unemployment reaches 17% in Britain.
- 1922 - Gandhi is imprisoned following terrorist acts against the British.
- 1922 - The "British Broadcasting Company" (BBC) begins broadcasting under the direction of John Reith.
- 1923 - Unemployment skyrockets in Britain in the coal-mining, textile and shipbuilding Industries.
- 1924 - First Labour government.
- 1924 - April - The British Empire Exhibition is held at Wembley.
- 1925 - Edwin Hubble discovers the first galaxy outside the Milky Way (Andromeda), 2 million years away from the Earth.
- 1926 - Balfour declares that Britain and its dominions are "equal in status" and "freely associated" in a Commonwealth of Nations.
- 1926 - Following a general strike, the government imposes restrictions on trade unions.
- 1926 - John Maynard Keynes' "Britain's Industrial Future" that advocates government spending.
- 1928 - Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin, the first antibiotic.
- 1928 - Universal female suffrage.
- 1929 - Britain raises the age of consent to 16 for both girls and boys (from 12 and 14).
- 1929 - Edwin Hubble discovers that galaxies recede from one another and that the universe is expanding in all directions.
- 1929 - The world's stock markets crash.
- 1929 - May - The Labour Party wins the national elections although the Conservative Party got more votes and Ramsay MacDonald becomes Prime Minister.
- 1931 - EMI opens the largest recording studio in the world at Abbey Road in London.
- 1931 - September - Britain leaves the gold standard to let the sterling pound depreciate.
- 1931 - October - The Conservatives win national elections in Britain but MacDonald remains Prime Minister of a right-wing cabinet.
- 1932 - A regular flight is inaugurated between London and Cape Town (with five stops en route).
- 1932 - Jazz composer Duke Ellington writes “It Don't Mean a Thing, If It Ain't Got That Swing,” a song that presaged the swing era of the 1930s and 1940s.
- 1932 - September - Poor unemployed people from the British countryside set out on the National Hunger March.
- 1933 - FM Radio was patented.
- 1933 - King George V broadcasts a speech on the radio to the entire British Empire.
- 1934 - Whites introduce "apartheid" in South Africa.
- 1935 - Robert Watson-Watt builds the first radar.
- 1935 - The Penguin publishing company begins publishing classics in paperback books to be sold in general stores.
- 1936 - The "Queen Mary" transatlantic linear travels from Southampton to New York in four days.
- 1936 - December - Edward VIII abdicates in order to marry a divorced woman.
- 1938 - Britain debuts the "Empire Flying Boat", a plane that can carry 18 passengers.
- 1938 - British unemployment is 9.3% compared with Germany's 2.1%.
- 1938 - Nuclear Fission is discovered.
- 1938 - The IRA carries out the first bombings in Britain.
- 1938 - Z1 built by Konrad Zuse was the first freely programmable computer in the world.
Conquest & Colonization & Meh topics (Mark Conquest/War and Colonization topics with CC before the *.)
- 1697 - The treaty of Ryswick ends the Eight-year war (no winner).
- 1701 - The Act of Settlement grants the succession of the English throne to the Protestant house of Hanover.
- 1702 - King William III forms an alliance between England, the Netherlands and Austria against Spain and France ("War of the Spanish Succession") to defend the archduke Karl of Austria's claim of the Spanish throne against King Philip II of Spain.
- 1704 - England captures Gibraltar from Spain.
- 1710 - The Tory Anglican Henry Sacheverell is tried for anti-Whig sermons and his followers’ riot against Presbyterian meeting-houses ("Sacheverell riots").
- 1713 - Britain and France sign a peace treaty ("Treaty of Utrecht") that hands most of Canada to Britain and leaves Britain as the dominant in force in North America, while Spain surrenders the Spanish Netherlands (Belgium) and southern Italy to Austria and Gibraltar to Britain.
- 1738 - John and Charles Wesley found the Methodist movement.
- 1739 - Britain and Spain go to war, but Britain fails to occupy Panama, Chile and Colombia.
- 1751 - By capturing the town of Arcot from the French, Britain becomes the leading colonial power in India.
- 1756 - Britain and Prussia declare war against France, Austria and Russia ("Seven Years' War").
- 1757 - At the battle of Plassey the East India Company defeats France and gains access to Bengal.
- 1758 - Britain attacks French Canada, its first large-scale war of conquest outside Europe.
- 1759 - Britain seizes Quebec from France.
- 1763 - The treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years' War, with Britain annexing the French possessions of Canada and India (but Britain offered the whole of Canada for Guadeloupe).
- 1770 - James Cook lands in Australia and claims it for Britain.
- 1773 - American colonists stage an uprising against British rule ("Boston Tea Party").
- 1773 - The Tea Act grants the East India Company the right to directly ship its tea to North America.
- 1773 - Warren Hastings, governor of Bengal (India), establishes a monopoly on the sale of opium.
- 1774 - Britain assigns Ohio to Quebec/Canada and recognizes Catholicism as the religion of Quebec/Canada.
- 1776 - Adam Smith publishes "The Wealth of the Nations", the manifesto of capitalism.
- 1776 - The American colonies ratifies the Declaration of Independence.
- 1779 - John Wilkinson builds the first cast-iron bridge, the first large cast-iron structure.
- 1780 - War erupts between Holland and Britain.
- 1781 - October - Revolutionary troops led by general George Washington and French troops led by Rochambeau defeat the British Army led by Charles Cornwallis at the battle of Yorktown.
- 1783 - Britain recognises the independence of the United States of America.
- 1784 - The treaty of Paris grants Britain the rights to trade in Indonesia.
- 1785 - Charles Cornwallis is appointed governor of India.
- 1786 - William Jones discovers similarities between Sanskrit and Greek and Latin.
- 1787 - Britain founds Sierra Leone as a colony for freed slaves ("Krios").
- 1796 - After France invades Holland, Holland surrenders Melaka/Malacca, Sri Lanka and the Cape of Good Hope to Britain.
- 1798 - Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats the French navy at Aboukir Bay in Egypt.
- 1800 - Australia has a white population of 10,000.
- 1802 - Britain and France sign the peace of Amiens, recognizing Britain's conquest of French, Dutch and Spanish colonies.
- 1803 - Britain declares war on Napoleon.
- 1812 - War of 1812 between the British and Americans. Several naval engagements. American forces stopped from invading Canada.
- 1813 - American ships defeat British ships.
- 1814 - British troops storm Washington and burn the Capitol and the White House.
- 1814 - Britain purchases the Cape Colony in South Africa from Holland and rules over the Boers (descendants of the Dutch colonists).
- 1815 - Andrew Jackson, helped by the French pirate Jean Lafitte, defeats the British army at the battle of New Orleans.
- 1815 - Ceylon is occupied by the British, who ferry Tamil workers from India.
- 1815 - Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo.
- 1816 - Nepal becomes a British protectorate.
- 1819 - Stamford Raffles buys an island from the sultan of Johore and founds the British settlement of Singapore.
- 1820 - Britain dispatches 5,000 settlers to the Cape.
- 1821 - Sierra Leone, Gambia and the Gold Coast are combined to form British West Africa.
- 1824 - Pierce Egan starts the first sporting journal.
- 1824 - William Buckland provides the first description of a dinosaur, the Megalosaurus.
- 1826 - Malacca, Penang and Singapore join in a British colony.
- 1827 - France, Britain and Russia help the Greek uprising against the Ottomans, the fleet of the Ottomans and of Mehemet Ali is sunk at Navarino, and the expansion of Ali's Egyptian Empire is halted.
- 1832 - To stem the illegal trade in corpses, Britain enacts the Anatomy Act that facilitates the use by scientists of corpses that are donated by relatives or unclaimed after death.
- 1836 - South Australia becomes a province of the British Empire.
- 1838 - British troops are defeated in Afghanistan.
- 1838 - The Boers leave the Cape colony, defeat the Zulus at the battle of Blood River and found the Natal colony (the "Great Trek").
- 1839 - The port of Aden in Arabia is occupied by the British.
- 1840 - The divided Maori tribes of New Zealand accept to be annexed by Britain.
- 1841 - Russia, Britain, France, Austria and Prussia at the Straits Convention agree to ban all warships from the Ottoman straits, thus confining the southern Russian fleet to the Black Sea.
- 1842 - Under the Treaty of Nanjing, China cedes the island of Hong Kong to Britain and grants commercial privileges in five ports including Shanghai and Guangzhou/Canton.
- 1843 - Britain annexes the Natal colony of the Boers in South Africa, and the Boers move again founding the Orange Free State in the interior and the Transvaal in the north.
- 1843 - British general Charles Napier invades and annexes Sind.
- 1845 - Youstol Dispage Fromscaruffi dies.
- 1849 - Britain annexes the Sikh kingdom of Punjab and seizes the Koh-i-noor.
- 1851 - 50% of the British population lives in the countryside.
- 1851 - Edward Hargraves discovers gold near Bathurst, Australia.
- 1851 - Gold is discovered in Australia.
- 1852 - 370,000 immigrants arrive in Australia in the first year of the Gold Rush.
- 1853 - In the Crimean war Britain, France and the Ottoman Empire fight Russia.
- 1856 - Britain defeats Iran at Herat in Afghanistan.
- 1857 - Persia surrenders to Britain all rights over Afghanistan.
- 1858 - Power on the Indian colony is transferred to the British government.
- 1858 - Richard Burton and John Speke discover Lake Tanganyika.
- 1860 - British and French troops loot Beijing.
- 1862 - Bahadur Shah II dies, the Mogul dynasty ends and India becomes a British colony.
- 1864 - Samuel Baker discovers Lake Albert.
- 1867 - British North America becomes the Dominion of Canada, a federation of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
- 1868 - Basutoland/Lesotho becomes a British colony.
- 1868 - April - British general Robert Napier defeats Ethiopia at Magdala and the Ethiopian Emperor Theodore commits suicide.
- 1871 - Following the Gold Rush, the population of Australia is 1.7 million up from 430,000 in 1851.
- 1874 - Henry Stanley explores the Congo River for three years.
- 1874 - The Fiji islands become a British colony.
- 1874 - The Gold Coast becomes a British protectorate.
- 1875 - The British government purchases Egypt's shares in the Suez Canal, borrowing money from the Rothschilds.
- 1877 - Britain occupies South Africa.
- 1877 - Transvaal becomes a British colony.
- 1878 - Russia defeats the Ottomans, but is stopped by Britain to protect its route to India and to prevent uprisings by Indian Muslims, and the Congress of Berlin hands Cyprus to Britain and Bosnia to Austria, grants Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania independence and creates an autonomous Christian principality of Bulgaria within the Ottoman Empire.
- 1879 - Ahmed Orabi/Arabi founds the Egyptian Nationalist party and leads a revolt against the Ottomans and European interference in Egypt.
- 1879 - January - Zulu warriors armed with spears massacre the British army at the battle of Isandhlwana.
- 1879 - July - Britain defeats the Zulus at Ulundi in South Africa, imprisons their ruler Cetewayo and disintegrates their empire.
- 1880 - Borneo becomes a British protectorate.
- 1880 - December - Britain fights the first war against Paul Kruger's Boers in South Africa.
- 1881 - March - Britain signs a peace treaty with Paul Kruger's Boers acknowledging their independence in Transvaal.
- 1882 - September - British troops invade Egypt to restore order, exile Orabi/Arabi and appoint Evelyn Baring at consul general, so that the ruler of Egypt is theoretically a subject of the Ottomans but de facto a subject of the British.
- 1885 - Britain captures Mandalay, terminates the Alaungpaya dynasty, burns the royal treasury and unites Burma with British Burma.
- 1885 - The Canadian Pacific railway is completed.
- 1890 - For the first time the majority of Australians are Australian-born.
- 1893 - Afghanistan and British India agree on a border splitting the Pashtun territories between them (the "Durand Line").
- 1893 - New Zealand is the first country to grant women the right to vote.
- 1894 - Uganda becomes a protectorate.
- 1895 - Britain controls two thirds of Chinese foreign trade.
- 1897 - China cedes Kokang to Britain's Burma.
- 1898 - British general Herbert Kitchener conquers Sudan from the Mahdists at the Battle of Omdurman and massacres thousands of Sudanese tribesmen.
- 1899 - Britain invades the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State in South Africa, founded by the Boers (the "Boer war").
- 1899 - General Kitchener creates "concentration camps" in South Africa for the families of the Boer rebels (26,000 prisoners die), while the Boers engage in guerrilla warfare, and defend trenches with long-distance rifles.
- 1900 - Arthur Evans discovers the ruins of Knossos, Crete.
- 1900 - Britain authorizes the Commonwealth of Australia uniting the separate colonies on the continent under one federal government with capital at Melbourne.
- 1901 - Nigeria becomes a British protectorate.
- 1901 - The British colonies of Australia become the Federated Commonwealth of Australia.
- 1902 - Japan signs the London treaty with Britain that recognizes Japan's rights in Korea and Britain's rights in China.
- 1902 - March - Richard Pearse in New Zealand flies his home-made airplane for 91 meters.
- 1902 - May - Boers and British sign a peace treaty granting autonomy to South Africa and creating segregation for blacks.
- 1904 - British troops occupy Tibet.
- 1904 - April - France and Britain agree to spheres of influence of their respective empires.
- 1905 - Britain apologizes to the Boers of South Africa for the war and grants independence to the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
- 1907 - Britain and Russia sign a treaty (Convention of St Petersburg) dividing Iran, Tibet, Central Asia and Afghanistan into respective spheres of influence.
- 1907 - New Zealand becomes a self-governing dominion of the British Empire.
- 1908 - Britain and Germany engage in a "naval race".
- 1910 - A report by Roger Casement reveals atrocities in Peru, Colombia and Brazil committed by the London-based Amazon Company.
- 1910 - Transvaal, Orage Free State, Natal and Cape unite in the Union of South Africa.
- 1913 - The newly built city of Canberra becomes the capital of Australia.
- 1914 - Britain occupies the German colonies of West Africa.
- 1914 - Cyprus is annexed by Britain after four centuries of Ottoman rule.
- 1914 - Egypt becomes and British protectorate.
- 1914 - End of the British gold standard.
- 1914 - The British government purchases part of Anglo-Persian Oil, only the second time the British government has purchased a private company.—
- 1914 - World War I breaks out in the Balkans, pitting Britain, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, USA and Japan against Austria, Germany and Turkey, and both Gandhi and Tilak pledge alliance to Britain.
- 1915 - April - British and French troops land in Gallipoli, Turkey.
- 1915 - May - German submarines sink the British passenger ship "Lusitania", killing almost 2000 people.
- 1916 - Britain and France agree to partition the Middle East.
- 1916 - The Lucknow Pact unites the Congress and the League in their fight for independence from Britain.
- 1916 - January - Ottoman troops led by Mustafa Kemal defeat the British at Gallipoli/ Canakkale.
- 1917 - Britain conquers Iraq.
- 1917 - Edwin-Samuel Montagu is appointed secretary of state for India and champions India's independence.
- 1917 - November - the "Balfour Declaration" by the British government promises a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
- 1917 - December - British troops conquer Jerusalem, the first Christian soldiers to do so since the Crusades.
- 1918 - Britain conquers Syria and Palestine from the Ottomans.
- 1918 - Civil war erupts between the Red Army of the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks (helped by Britain and the USA).
- 1918 - November - Istanbul is occupied and divided by British, French and Italian troops.
- 1919 – Afghanistan gains independence from Britain.
- 1919 - An Anglo-Iranian treaty turns Iran into a de-facto protectorate of Britain.
- 1919 - British troops massacre 379 peaceful demonstrators in Amritsar (Punjab), the beginning of large-scale riots in India.
- 1919 - November - Ross Smith flies from England to Australia via Egypt, India and Singapore.
- 1920 - Palestine becomes a British protectorate.
- 1920 - The airline Qantas is founded to link the settlements of Australia.
- 1920 - November - The British evacuate the Crimea and 150 thousand Russian refugees flee to British-controlled Istanbul.
- 1921 - 156,000 British citizens rule over 306 million Indian subjects.
- 1921 - Abdullah, son of Sharif Hussein, establishes the principality of Transjordan under British protectorate.
- 1921 - November - The USA, Britain and Japan agree to reduce their navies at the Washington Conference.
- 1922 - Egypt declares its independence.
- 1922 - Faysal, son of Sharif Hussein, establishes the kingdom of Iraq under British Protectorate.
- 1922 - February - Britain, the USA, France, Japan and Italy sign the Washington Naval Treaty to limit the size of their navies.
- 1923 - Britain recognises Nepal's independence.
- 1925 - October - Britain promotes the revision of German borders at the Locarno Treaty.
- 1927 - Oil fields are discovered near Karkuk in Iraq and king Faysal grants oil rights to the British.
- 1930 - Britain, Japan, France, Italy and the USA sign the London Naval Treaty, an agreement to reduce naval warfare.
- 1930 - Gandhi unleashes "civil disobedience" against the British.
- 1931 - Canada declares its independence.
- 1931 - South Africa becomes independent.
- 1932 - Iraq becomes independent under the rule of King Faisal.
- 1939 - England declares war to Hitler's Germany.
WIP To-Do
Instead of doing it Timeline based we're going to do it Topic based:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_culture
The Arts -
* Gastronomy
- Muggle Cuisine
* Literature
- Children's Literature
- Fiction
- Non-Fiction
- Poetry
- Critical Theory
* Performing Arts
- Dance
- Film
- Theatre
- Music
* Visual
- Architecture
- Crafts
- Drawing
- Film
- Painting
- Photography
- Sculpture
* Entertainment
- Games
- Sports
- Festivals & Holidays
* Politics
- Government
# Monarchy
# Prime Minister and the Houses of Parliment
- Laws and Bills and Acts
* Science
page revision: 35, last edited: 09 Feb 2016 18:18